MARY BOLEYN : ALISON WEIR BOOK EXCERPT : ON CONTRACEPTION in the TUDOR PERIOD

135-136 from Alison Weir's book on Mary Boleyn

"Since intercourse was supposed to be purely for procreation, contraception was frowned upon, although rudimentary forms of it were known and practiced. Henry VIII's fifth wife, Katherine Howard, for example, admitted that she knew of ways to prevent a pregnancy. Rarely were these methods effective, for many relied purely on superstitions and folk remedies, such as drinking the urine of a sheep or hare before having sex, or taking various herbs, or on coitus interruptus. Other methods of preventing pregnancy included inserting pepper or a sponge soaked in vinegar into the vagina, sealing the cervix with beeswax, having anal sex, or doing some "hard pissing" after intercourse. Condoms as a method of birth control were unknown prior to 1564. Contraception, then as now, was frowned upon by the Church, and because it was often unreliable, if it was used at all, Royal love affairs often lead to the birth of bastard children. But although the moralists might claim that it "impoverished the pubic weal" there was no great stigma attached to illegitimacy and little harm in acknowledging natural children; indeed royal bastards often enjoyed high status and political importance. It was not until the advent of Puritanism in the last 16th century that attitudes to illegitimacy changed and there was greater disapproval..."